{"id":11050,"date":"2023-07-13T12:14:55","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T09:14:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muzej.by\/?p=11050"},"modified":"2023-07-13T12:17:35","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T09:17:35","slug":"%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b5-%d1%81%d0%be%d1%84%d0%b8%d0%b9%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b5-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muzej.by\/?p=11050","title":{"rendered":"\u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"11050\" class=\"elementor elementor-11050\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6aeb616 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"6aeb616\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77e7907\" data-id=\"77e7907\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88c77fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88c77fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0432\u044c \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0411\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u044c. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e XX \u0432.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0411\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0442, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0435<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e XX \u0432.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e XX \u0432.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e XX \u0432.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u043e, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430, \u044d\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. 1915\u20131919 \u0433\u0433.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0445\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e. 1912 \u0433.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/strong> \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 1882 \u0433. \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u201c\u0446\u0430\u0440\u044f-\u043c\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 II\u201d \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0441 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445, \u0414\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043e\u043a (\u0441 1888 \u0433.). \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 (\u0441 1904 \u0433.), \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d. \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 1915 \u0433. <strong>\u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440<\/strong> \u2013 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e (\u0444\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0414\u0435\u0432\u044b \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0424\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0442\u0430). \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 1392 \u0433. \u041d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0432 1584\u20131587 \u0433\u0433. \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e-\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u0412 1804 \u0433. \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438. \u0412 1807 \u0433. \u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u0412 1896\u20131899 \u0433\u0433. \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435 (\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041d.\u0427\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d). \u0412 1920 \u0433. \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435. \u0412 1961 \u0433. \u0432\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d. \u0412 1992\u20131993 \u0433\u0433. \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0421 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 1992 \u0433. \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e-\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b9b907\" data-id=\"1b9b907\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0432\u044c \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 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1961 \u0433. \u0432\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d. \u0412 1992\u20131993 \u0433\u0433. \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438. \u0421 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 1992 \u0433. \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c 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