{"id":7185,"date":"2021-07-15T11:29:38","date_gmt":"2021-07-15T08:29:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej.by\/?p=7185"},"modified":"2023-07-08T16:53:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-08T13:53:20","slug":"%d0%ba%d0%bd%d1%8f%d0%b7%d1%8c-%d1%80%d1%8b%d0%b3%d0%be%d1%80-%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8f%d0%ba%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b2%d1%96%d1%87-%d1%85%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%ba%d0%b5%d0%b2%d1%96%d1%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muzej.by\/?p=7185","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0425\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7185\" class=\"elementor elementor-7185\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-83bacb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"83bacb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dbfc31d\" data-id=\"dbfc31d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6073741 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6073741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f 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\u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b, \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433, \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0440.) \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0448\u043b\u044f\u0445\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432: \u0425\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u041e\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u0421\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0433, \u041e\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0440.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0425\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0438<\/strong> \u2013 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430 \u201c\u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0430\u201d, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043c \u201c\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0444 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0447\u043e\u043c\u201d. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0421\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 1498 \u0433. \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0425\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435-\u043d\u0430-\u0421\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438), \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c: \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044c. \u0412\u043e 2-\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 XVI \u0432. \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0425\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432 XV\u2013XVI \u0432. \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (\u043e\u043a. 1457 \u2013 1549) \u2013 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u2013 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044b\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0425\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 (? \u2013 1572\/73?) <\/strong>\u2013 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0441 1566 \u0433. \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0411\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0432\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044f\u043c. \u042f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0438 1569 \u0433. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0446\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u201c\u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435\u201d (1569) \u0438 \u201c\u041f\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0440\u044c \u0441 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0435\u043c\u201d (1570).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u201c\u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435\u201d <\/strong>\u2013 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435. \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u201c\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201d \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0425\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c. \u0412 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0441 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0425\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d1f669\" data-id=\"7d1f669\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd4873b elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"fd4873b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 \u0438\u0437 1\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/muzej.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Zabludov.jpg\" alt=\"Zabludov\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0426\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u041b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b XVI \u0432. \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e, 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